Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Unit 7: Pollution

Nội dung tài liệu: Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 - Unit 7: Pollution

1. UNIT 7: POLLUTION I. KIẾN THỨC NGÔN NGỮ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 1. Type 1:điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If clause Main clause If + S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (don’t / doesn’t + (won’t / can’t + V1) V1) Ex: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation. If Mary doesn’t feel better tomorrow, she will see a doctor. 2. Type 2:điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại If clause Main clause If + S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + (didn’t + V1) V1 To be: were / weren’t (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1) Ex: If I were you, I would tell the truth. If she knew your address, she would send you a letter. 4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: a. Unless = If .not If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. = Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. b. Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case (trong trường hợp), even if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là) Suppose the news is true, what will you do? I’ll change my decision provided that you accept my offer. In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. c. Without: không có Without water, life wouldn’t exist. = If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist. II. BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN A. PHONETICES
2. I)-Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress pattern. scenic economic terrific Arabic kinetic linguistic sonic supersonic statistic cosmetic aerobic symbolic fantastic systematic phonetic emphatic sympatheti automatic c historic comic heroic specific scientific mechanic republic romantic microscopi magic fabric oceanic c arithmetic traffic elastic ceramic aquatic geographic energetic botanical classical typical logical numerical political tropical vertical practical critical mythical Oo ___________________________________________________________ _ ____________________________________________________________ Ooo ___________________________________________________________ _ ____________________________________________________________ oOo ___________________________________________________________ _ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ oOoo ___________________________________________________________ _
3. ____________________________________________________________ ooOo ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ II)-Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then practise saying them aloud. aquatic heroic historical specific medical psychological dramatic chemicals 1. The Nhue River’s water has turned black with the ____________ discharged from factories. 2. The fascinating sky view offers us cultural and _____________ values. 3. People from “cancer villages” should go for _____________ examination. 4. Serious levels of water pollution poison _______________ life. 5. Billboards should only be allowed to hang at roadside for a ______________ period time. 6. At the higher levels, noise pollution may lead to physical and _____________ damage. 7. The programme had a/an ______________ effect on the environment. 8. The volunteers made a/an ______________ fight against pollution of the beach. B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I)-Match each type of pollution with its definition, writing the answer in each blank. Answer Types of pollution Definitions _______ 1. Air pollution A. the increase of temperature caused by human activity _______ 2. Land pollution B. the contamination of any body of water, such as lakes, groundwater, oceans, etc. _______ 3. Light pollution C. the contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases _______ 4. Noise pollution D. the release of unwanted radioactive material into the environment _______ 5. Thermal E. the brightening of the night sky preventing us from pollution seeing stars by improper lighting of communities. _______ 6. Visual pollution F. the destruction of the earth’s surface caused by the misuse of resources and improper dumping of waste _______ 7. Water pollution G. anything unattractive or visually damaging to the nearby landscape
4. _______ 8. Radioactive H. any loud sounds that are either harmful or annoying pollution to humans and animals II)-Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. The soil becomes _______________ because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers. (contaminate) 2. _______________ waste spills can contaminate groundwater. (industry) 3. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of ________________. (die) 4. ____________ elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources. (pollute) 5. Fish and many other animals are killed by ______________ in their habitat. (pollute) 6. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have __________ in viewing activities in the sky and outer space. (difficult) III)-Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets. You can make some changes. 1. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illnesses when air pollution happens. (leads to) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of) ________________________________________________________________ 3. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted and has bad effects on people’s health. (because) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
5. 6. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today. (so) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ IV)-People are worried about the greenhouse effect. Makes sentences in Conditional sentences type 1 with “If , will ”, using the cues given the earth gets warmer ￿ the sea gets warmer ￿ the ice at the North and South Poles melts ￿ the sea level rises ￿ there are floods in many parts of the world ￿ many people lose their homes 1. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer. 2. If the sea gets warmer, 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________ V)-Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1. 1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Noise pollution happens regularly. It causes stress or nuisance. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
6. 3. Water pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy and society. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Half of the population in the rural areas has access to fresh water. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. We have more space. We plant more trees. _________________________________________________________________ VI)-Answer the questions, using conditional sentences type 2. 1. What would you do if you had a garden of your own? ________________________________________________________________ 2. If you had one wish, what would it be? ________________________________________________________________ 3. What would you do if you won €1 million? ________________________________________________________________ 4. What would you do to make our school ground greener if you were the principal? ________________________________________________________________ 5. What would you do if you were the Earth Hour Goodwill Ambassador? ________________________________________________________________ C.SPEAKING I)-Complete the conversation with the phrases in the table. to stop them By the way into the river to do about it That’s terrible! Mai: You know, there’s a factory outside our town that’s pumping chemicals (1)__________________ Nick: How can they do that? Isn’t that against the law? Mai: Yes, it is. But a lot of companies ignore those laws. Nick: (2)_______________. What can we do now?
7. Mai: Well, one thing (3)_____________ is to talk to the management. Nick: What if that doesn’t work? Mai: Well, then another way (4)___________ is to get a TV station to run a story on it. Nick: Yes! Companies hate bad publicity. (5)_________, what’s the name of this company? Mai: It’s called Apex Industries. Nick: Oh, no. It was in the news last month. Notes: - ignore (v) = to pay attention to somebody/ something (không để ý đến, lờ đi) - bad publicity = notice that is harmful (tiếng xấu) II)-Rearrange the sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation, writing the number (1-8) in each blank. The first (0) has been done for you. 0 Mai: Our group will give a presentation about visual pollution. It’s new to me. Do you know what is it, Phong? _______ A. Phong: Yes, maybe. Because billboards, litter, or junkyards can also be considered visual pollution. _______ B. Mai: I hate seeing a man throw an empty cigarette package from a motorbike or a car. He should be given a fine. _______ C. Mai: Oh, I see. Can you give some examples of it, Phong? _______ D. Phong: That’s right. There are rules, or regulations that apply punishment to anyone that makes the surroundings ugly. I dislike seeing too many billboards along the streets. How about you, Mai? _______ E. Mai: Can we see visual pollution when we walk along the streets? _______ F. Phong: Well, visual pollution is anything that makes our neighbourhood unattractive or unpleasant, Mai. _______ G. Mai: All of us should try to protect the beautiful sight around us. We must have laws or regulations to protect out pretty landscape. _______ H. Phong: Yeah, for example, skyscrapers or high buildings that block a natural view, graffiti or carving on trees or rocks.
8. D. READING I)-Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Light pollution is not (1)______________ serious as water or air pollution. (2)_____________, it is the type of pollution that (3)______________ more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4)____________ at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the out space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5)_______________ to apply light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6)____________ to produce the power to light the sky. Eye strain, (7)___________ of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8)___________ light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see things properly. 1.A. more B. as C. much D. only 2.A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless 3.A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred 4.A. watch B. see C. spend D. gaze 5.A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. wasteful 6.A. used B. using C. is used D. are used 7.A. use B. lost C. loss D. losing 8.A. Very much B. Too much C. Too many D. So many II)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow. There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of this issue is waste water coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas without any treatment because this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water. Industrial waste consists of some kind of chemical substance such as sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which is called “cancer villages. Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canal, and ponds and so on. In 2004, because of bird fly
9. outbreak in Vietnam, people threw poultry to water body that made water highly polluted. Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank. Answer A B ______ 1.convenient J. birds, like hens, ducks, geese that are kept for (adj) eggs and meat. ______ 2.marine (adj) K. knowledge ______ 3.awareness (n) L. connected with the sea ______ 4.outbreak (n) M. suitable or practical for a particular purpose ______ 5.poultry (n) N. the sudden beginning of something unpleasant Task 2: Read the passage again, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). T F 6. Waste water from many factories which is dumped into water ￿ ￿ bodies directly causes water pollution. 7. Dumping waste directly into water is the most convenient way ￿ ￿ of disposing waste water. 8. Sulphur is believed the main reason for cancer. ￿ ￿ 9. Cancer villages occurred in 2004. ￿ ￿ 10. Due to lack of awareness, people poisoned water with dead ￿ ￿ poultry when there was bird flu outbreak in 2004.
10. III)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow. Space Pollution The launch of Sputnik I and Yuri Gagarin, the first human being in space, marked the beginning of space exploration and the beginning of a new and unfamiliar type of pollution. Satellites, solar panels, rocket bodies and fragments from space shuttles that are floating in space and are no longer functional are considered space debris. This
11. pollution of man-made objects in space affects us here on Earth as well and will continue to affect us in future travel. In 1978, the Soviet Union Kosmos 954, which contained a nuclear power source, reentered over Canada and left debris over an area the size of Austria. In 1969, five Japanese sailors were injured by pieces of space debris that hit their ship. The largest piece, weighing one thousand pounds, landed in Australia in 1979. Many solutions are being considered by scientists and engineers. However, the challenge to finding a solution lies within all of the nations which take part in the space exploration. Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank. Answer A B ______ 1. shuttle A. broken pieces of something larger ______ 2. functional B. made by people ______ 3. debris C. a vehicle in which people travel into space and pack again ______ 4. man-made D. a way of finding an answer to a problem ______ 5. solution E. working; being used Task 2: Read the passages again, and answer the questions. 6. What are some examples of space pollution? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the effects of space pollution? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. What did Kosmos 954 cause to Canada? ________________________________________________________________ 9. Why were Japanese sailor injured in 1969? ________________________________________________________________ 10. Is it easy for all of the nations taking part in the space exploration to find solutions? ________________________________________________________________
12. E. WRITING Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects, and solutions). 1. Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans and animals. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Generally/ noise/ produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles and motorbikes/ on the road/ planes and helicopters flying over cities/ load speakers, etc. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Noise pollution/ cause/ stress/ illnesses/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ lost productivity. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Health effects/ noise/ include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/ nervousness. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/ living places. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as well as/ public announcement systems. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ TEST (UNIT 7) I)-Choose the word which stress pattern from the others. 1.A. terrific B. Arabic C. statistic D. cosmetic 2.A. arithmetic B. geographic C. energetic D. economic 3.A. linguistic B. classical C. phonetic D. romantic 4.A. fantastic B. historic C. comic D. symbolic 140
13. 5. A. oceanic B. specific C. ceramic D. aquatic II)-Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets. 6. __________________ habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (nature) 7. A number of cleaning products contain ______________ chemicals. (harm) 8. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously ______________ with bacteria. (contaminate) 9. People believe that the _____________ water has brought cancer to the local residents. 10. Light pollution makes us _____________ to see the stars in the sky. (able) 11. Noise is considered as ______________ pollution. (environment) III)-Fill in each blank with the correct preposition. 12. Thousands of people were exposed _______________ radiation when the nuclear plant exploded. 13. Waste water from many factories which is dumped _____________ water bodies directly causes water pollution. 14. Land pollution is responsible for damage done _____________ natural habitat of animals. 15. Americans throw ______________ twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year. 16. Scientists have come up _____________ new ways of saving energy. IV)-People are worried about the effect of water pollution. Makes sentences in Conditional sentences type 1 with “If , will ”, using the cues given. people dump wastes and poisonous chemicals into water ￿ tiny animals eat pollutants in polluted water ￿ fish and shellfish eating tiny animals contain poison in their bodies ￿ people who eat these fish et some diseases ￿
14. they have to go to hospital ￿ their family members take care of them 17. If ________________________________________________________________ 18. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 19. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 20. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 21. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ V)-Circle the mistake in each sentences, and then correct it. 22. Long exposure to loud noise results __________________________________ permanent hearing loss. 23. The misuse of resources and __________________________________ importer dumping of waste make land pollution. 24. The soil becomes contaminated __________________________________ because the use of so many pesticides and other farming chemicals. 25. Oil slicks from boats or ships pollute the sea, because many fish and sea- birds die. 26. In many developing countries, water __________________________________ pollution is usually a leading cause of death if people drink from polluted water resources. 27. We should plant trees in our __________________________________ neighbourhood so trees help cool
15. the planet.
16. VI)-Combine each pair of sentences, using the words/ phrases in brackets. You can make some changes. 28. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (makes) _________________________________________________________________ 29. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun light. (because) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 30. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels. (because) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 31. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 32. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the region. (causes) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 33. Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People suffer from stress and anxiety. (because of) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ VII)-Rearrange the sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation, writing the correct letter (A-H) in each blank. The conversation starts with number 0. 0 Mi: Nick, last Sunday my mother and I went to the mall in the city center to buy some new clothes for our Tet holiday. The streets were so bright at night. 34. _______A. Mi: I see. Do you know any other example of light pollution? 35. _______B. Mi: Besides the waste, light pollution many affect human health and our sleep cycles. 36._______C. Mi: Light pollution? Our teacher has just mentioned it in the lesson this morning. Why is too much light at night harmful? 143
17. 37._______D. Mi: And sometimes we also have extra or unnecessary lights around the house. 38._______E. Nick: I enjoy Tet in Vietnam, Mi. But a lot of lights and posters along the streets may cause light pollution. 39._______F. Nick: You’re right, Mi. I think it is very wasteful because we use much more energy to light up the city or our home all day round. 40._______G. Nick: Because it may prevent us from seeing the stars and other planets. 41. _______H. Nick: Yes, we can mention street lamps that shine in all directions, instead with a hood to point light downward the streets, or cities with lights all night long. VIII)-Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Have a walk (42)___________ a beach, listen to the sound of the sea waves, and suddenly you see a lot of rubbish on the beach. Pollution takes away all the (43)__________ of our beaches. I feel really very annoyed (44)_____________ I see plastic bags lying on the sand, cigarette ends buried in the sand, and soda cans floating in the sea. There are a lot of things that we can do. (45)___________ we see rubbish, we should do our part in the protecting the land (46)___________ picking it up and throwing it in dust bins. (47)_____________, we can form some kind of organization that helps (48)___________ the beaches. If everyone does their part, the beaches will be a wonderful and beautiful place. We need to start now (49)___________ the beaches are damaged beyond repair. 42.A. at B. in C. on D. over 43.A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. being beautiful 44.A. before B. after C. when D. while 45.A. While B. If C. Unless D. Soon 46.A. by B. with C. of D. in 47.A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover 48.A. cleaning up B. clean up C. cleaning off D. clean off 49.A. before B. after C. until D. when 144
18. IX)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow. Bike Capital of the World Copenhagen has over 390 kilometers of bike lanes and is widely regarded as the bike capital of the world. The Danes are well-known for their love of cycling, and Copenhagen’s network of bike lanes is studied by other cities. Cyclists in Copenhagen are saving the city 90,000 tons of CO2 emission annually. Every day, about 789,000 miles are cycled in Copenhagen. Thirty-six percent of the city’s residents bike to school or work. The city is looking to increase that number to 50% by building more bike lanes, widening existing lanes, creating biking –only bridges over the city’s waterways, providing more space for parking bikes, and improving safety along existing bike routes. The city of Copenhagen clearly understands the value of biking-friendly cities. They are healthier, more environmentally-friendly, and allow for better quality of life. Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank. Answer A B ______ 50.regarded A. once a year ______ 51.well-known B. thought of in a particular way ______ 52.annually C. how good or bad something is ______ 53.space D. known by a lot of people; famous ______ 54.quality E. an area that is empty or not used Task 2: Read the passages again, and answer the questions. 55. Why is Copenhagen regarded as the bike capital of the world? ________________________________________________________________ 56. What are the Danes well-known for? ________________________________________________________________ 57. How many miles are cycled in Copenhagen every day? ________________________________________________________________ 58. What is the city going to do? ________________________________________________________________
19. 59. What are the benefits of biking-friendly cities?
20. ________________________________________________________________ X)-Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple things. First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it. Second, we need to watch the amount of water used in the home. It can be conserved by taking short shower instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth. Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and reusing. If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted. 60. Pollution can be caused from the following sources except ______________. A. house chemicals B. water from household C. wastes D. water in rivers 61. Recycling can help us _____________. A. never cut down trees B. use products again and again C. place garbage bins easily D. produce more paper products 62. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except _________. A. take short showers instead of baths B. repair leaky faucets C. fully use the washing machine